DTH drilling is a reliable method for drilling in medium to hard geological structures. Considering the country's need for different types of drilling bits in various industries, with development of knowledge and production of them, it can limit the vast importation of these products. In this study, process of bit/rock collision taking into account interaction between the insert/body and stresses resulting from Interference fit is simulated to determine proper tolerance for fitting, which is the most important factor limiting the life of drilling bit. Simulations were carried out taking account rotary motion of bit in addition to impact in single-insert condition with different angles of collision and also in a 3. 5 inch bit with 13 inserts. Mechanical properties of specimens made of DIN1. 6580 steel, used for manufacturing of bit body, were obtained through experiments. Then, in order to validate and also obtain appropriate mesh size, results of pin-hub Interference fit simulations with selected parameters were compared to Lame's analytical method. Results show that Interference tolerance and speed and angle of impact have great influence on stresses and process forces. In case of 1. 2% of Interference, stresses in bit body are about to reach material strength. In the case of 0. 9% and 0. 6%, certain amount of plastic strain is also created in the body. The results of this study is greatly helpful in choosing fitting tolerance of inserts into bit body during manufacturing process.

In the present study, the effect of swim stress on morphine-induced tolerance was investigated in mice using formalin test. In this respect, intraperitoneal administration of different doses of morphine (3, 6, and 9 mg/kg) induced a dose-dependent antinociception in both acute and chronic phases of the formalin test. In addition, an exposure to swim stress 2 or 3 times for 3 consecutive days was performed in order to induce tolerance. This exercise decreased morphine-induced antinociception. Meanwhile, morphine administration (25 mg/kg) for 3 days in the presence of swim stress (for two to three times) potentiated tolerance induced by morphine in both phases of the formalin test. Administration of a higher dose of morphine (50 mg/kg) for 3 days in the presence of swim stress did not alter morphine-induced tolerance in both phases of the test. On the other hand, administration of the latter dose of morphine for 3 days in the absence of swim stress decreased morphine-induced antinociception in both phases of the formalin test. It can be concluded that there may be a cross interaction between morphineinduced antinociception and swim stress.

More than 22% of the world's agricultural land is saline, and this trend continues to increase with climate changes. Salinity stress causes leaf color change, osmotic stress, ionic toxicity, prevents growth, photosynthesis and plant performance. Due to their size less than micron, metal nanoparticles have a great absorption and transmission power in plants. Salinity stress is a major problem in hot and dry areas under tomato cultivation. For this purpose, investigating the mutual effects of the size and type of zinc oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles on the improvement and change of growth and increasing the resistance to salt stress in tomato plants of the early urbana variety were carried out in the form of a completely randomized and factorial design with 4 replications, at a significant level of 5%. In this research, zinc oxide nanoparticles in 25 and 50 nm sizes, iron oxide in 25 nm sizes and sodium chloride in 0 and 75 mM levels were used. Nanoparticles and salinity treatments were both applied to the plants. The results showed that salt stress led to a decrease in plant growth parameters such as shoot and root length, leaf area, RWC, ion leakage. Also, NaCl led to an increase in the accumulation of prolin and other aldehydes, sodium, iron and zinc. The application of nanoparticles had a slight effect in stress-free conditions, but in stressed conditions, these two nanoparticles alone and especially in combination neutralized the effect of salinity and reduced the damage caused by salinity stress.

Background and Objectives: To achieve significant throughput, Interference alignment (IA) is an encouraging technique for wireless Interference networks. In this study, we design an aligned beamformer based on the Interference leakage minimization (ILM) method to reduce the Interference power for a multiple-input multiple-output Interference channel (MIMO-IC). Methods: To deal with the non-convexity of ILM problem, we used a non-convex programming method (i. e., difference of convex [DC]). In this way, the Interference leakage function is reformulated to a DC function including difference of two convex terms. Then, an additive function is defined that includes the DC objective function and a penalty function. Results: We propose a novel DC-based IA algorithm that uses solutions of an upper bound of the additive function in each iteration; as the initial state for the next iteration. Through an iterative manner and for the large values of the penalty factor, the solutions of upper bound function converge to the solutions of the original DC objective function (i. e., Interference leakage function). Conclusion: In contrast to the frequent IA methods, the proposed DC-based IA algorithm updates transmit-and receive-beamformers in each iteration jointly (not alternately). Simulation results indicate that the proposed method outperforms some competitive IA algorithms by providing more throughputs and less Interference leakage.

Therapeutic abortion is a kind of termination of pregnancy that has medical application. Although act to abort is considered forbidden in the most of the legal systems, but in some cases, exceptionally it is allowed one case in which the abortion is allowed is Interference rule. According to this rule, due to abnormality of embryo and keeping mother's health, the abortion is possible before insufflations of spirit and based on single article of Therapeutic Abortion, but in accordance with the single article, after insufflations of spirit, abortion is impossible. Therefore, by virtue of note of Art. 718 of Islamic Penal Code approved in 2013, in order to keep mother's health, the abortion is allowed even after insufflations of spirit. The jurists prescribe abortion before insufflations of spirit for therapeutic cases. Some of jurists believe that even after insufflations of spirit in the embryo, if it would be proved that existing of embryo threaten mother's health, abortion of such embryo is allowed It looks that the jurists who don’t believe in abortion after insufflations of spirit, if state their reasoning based on Interference rule- most important – important, then they change their idea. In the other word, intellectually we can diagnose that due to reduce more damage, the theory of abortion even after insufflations of spirit shall be empowered and identified and executed.